Question: How the concentration of acid (HCl) can be determined by titrating it using base (NaOH)? Essay

How the immersion of acid (HCl) can be driven by titrating it using outdoor stage (NaOH)?Chemicals needed1- Phenolphthalein (color indicator).2- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) submersion of 0.5 molar.3- Hydrochloric acid (HCl), with un cognize concentration.Equipments needed1- Flask.2- Pipette ( uncertainty 0.05cm3).3- Burette (uncertainty 0.05cm3).4- PH meter.5- Gloves, laboratoryoratory coat and plastic eye protection.Steps1- Add a known raft of HCl using pipette in the flask.2- Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein in the flask using the pipette.3- Shake the flask until the color adjustments to red.4- Start to tot up NaOH on the HCl, drop by drop.5- After each drop induce the flask to accomplish the mixing of the acid with the base.6- Take readings of PH rank using the PH meter, after each drop.7- When HCl color turns to blue, immediately find out adding NaOH, this indicates the neutralization hitch.8- To be sure that HCl is neutralized add few drops of NaOH on HCl.9- Repeat the ex periment to obtain more faithful data.Data appealingness and processingThe table below shows the value of PH recorded all over the five trials and indicates the neutralization point at a specific volume of NaOH added(1.0) table shows the data collected during the trialsBelow is the table produced after ever-changing the volume of NaOH to the better measurable unit, also after adding the PH values for each volume added of NaOH then divide them by the number of trials to father out with the average PH value.(1.1) table showing the processed dataAverage PH value0.019313.30.019413.40.019513.50.019613.50.019713.50.019813.50.019913.30.020007.30.020101.70.020201.50.020301.3The graph below shows the graphical human relationship between volume of NaOH added in dm3 versus average PH valueAs calculated at the neutralization point which is close to equal to 7, the volume of NaOH added is approximately 0.0250 (0.0000450) dm3To calculate the concentration of base, it is most desirable to use the equation belowNow exchange the concentration, also volume of the acid (HCl) and the volume added of the base (NaOH), then0.6 zepConclusion and evaluation-Conclusion It is concluded that the concentration of HCl in the lab that all the trials occurred in is 0.6 Molar. It is concluded that titration of acid using base must be repeated many times to accomplish more exact results.Evaluation The usage of a digital PH meter whitethorn affect the accuracy of the data, as it produces systematic errors. The volume of phenolphthalein may put-on a role on the volume of HCl in the flask. Concentration of NaOH may not be barely 0.5 molar as in that respect dexterity be impurities. The PH value as shown from the data collected is changing at a high manner near to the neutralization point therefore it is not easy to know the precise concentration of NaOH. conniving the PH value to indicate the rate of reaction, is not precise, because the PH has a logarithmic function not a line ar function, then there will be a small change in the PH value while there will be big change of H+.Improvements Using a digital instrument to drop exactly 1.0 cm3 in each drop. Using a base with primary standard to titrate HCl may be more precise to indicate the value of it is concentration. Using a pipette with less uncertainty may help in improving the data collected. Using a burette with less uncertainty can determine more accurate results.